Question: What is the fundamental source of birth and death? Where do birth and death originate? Who generates birth and death? Upon what do birth and death depend?
Answer: It is because of the ālaya-vijñāna that the five aggregates can manifest, and from this arises birth and death. Because the ālaya-vijñāna can store the karmic seeds of birth and death and can also project them, sentient beings experience birth and death. The ālaya-vijñāna is true emptiness, while birth and death are wondrous existence. Within the state of no birth and death, birth and death are provisionally manifested; birth and death are themselves nirvana, for the ālaya-vijñāna is the mind of nirvana. Birth and death and the ālaya-vijñāna are neither identical nor different. Birth and death are entirely the ālaya-vijñāna, yet the ālaya-vijñāna is not birth and death. The ālaya-vijñāna is the ocean, while birth and death are the foam. Birth and death are nirvana; all phenomena of birth and death are manifested and illusorily projected by the ālaya-vijñāna. There is no real birth and death; birth and death are an illusion, for in essence, they are all the ālaya-vijñāna.
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