Manas: Suffering, Emptiness, Arising and Ceasing, Impermanence

The manas has existed since beginningless kalpas, yet it can be extinguished; it is not a dharma that neither arises nor ceases. The tathāgatagarbha moment by moment gives rise to the mind-seeds of the manas, forming the continuous operation of the manas; therefore, the manas is also of a nature of arising and ceasing.

The mental activities of the manas change without stop, its mind-seeds arise and cease without stop, ignorance constantly transforms, and afflictions also arise and cease without end; therefore, the manas is said to be impermanent and suffering. The manas is brought forth by the tathāgatagarbha and is of a nature of arising and ceasing; therefore, it is empty and illusory. Arising, ceasing, and change are suffering; being unable to remain forever constant and singular is suffering.