The Dialectical Relationship Between Theory and Fact

Practice yields true knowledge; practice is fact, while true knowledge is theory, and theory originates from practice. Practice and true knowledge are not merely complementary but rather a unified relationship that is mutually reinforcing, with practice preceding theory. Those who have not undergone practice must engage in practice based on correct and truthful theories to verify whether the theories are valid, and this verification itself requires practice. Without the ability to practice or knowledge of the methods of practice, one cannot prove the correctness of a theory nor arrive at a correct theory.

Whether certain facts are indeed facts is also subject to scrutiny. What appears to be a fact on the surface may not necessarily be one, and what does not appear to be a fact may actually be one. This requires wisdom to discern, for without wisdom, one cannot distinguish between them. Wisdom entails mastering and possessing correct theoretical methods, using these methods to guide practice, and testing so-called facts through practice—only then can one arrive at correct and rational outcomes.