Why Is the Manas Difficult to Perceive?

Since the manas (mind-root) lacks language and words, its mental activities are profoundly subtle and concealed, without the apparent functions of inference, conjecture, thinking, analysis, imagination, fantasy, etc., that are characteristic of consciousness. Nevertheless, the manas possesses a distinct decisiveness and controlling nature. When meditative concentration is insufficient, wisdom is also lacking, and the mind becomes coarse and agitated. Even if the function of the manas is quite evident, it remains unobservable under such conditions.

For example, a person who enjoys lying often harbors two intentions: one operates on the surface, which is relatively obvious, while the other operates hidden in the background, working covertly. A person's true intention is the latter, not the former. The surface intention merely serves as a cover, creating a diversion, while the hidden one remains concealed, not easily exposed, and kept from others' knowledge. To uncover the hidden intention is to locate the manas. The manas constitutes a person's essential character and nature, representing their moral integrity and personality, and plays a crucial role.

Many people present two inner voices when in front of others: one is visible, displayed for others to see and evaluate, while the other is the substantial one they wish to conceal and keep unknown. Similarly, when alone and hesitant, a person may also have two opinions, two thoughts, two plans, and two mental activities. Because these are not unified, an internal conflict ensues. If the conflict remains unresolved, it leads to prolonged internal strife. Consequently, mental collapse and schizophrenia become inevitable, and physical vulnerabilities may emerge, as the body and mind mutually influence and constrain each other.

Vijnaptimatrata (Consciousness-Only) is essentially psychology. Mastering Vijnaptimatrata enables one to discern subtle signs and perceive the broader picture; observing human psychology is not difficult. However, when understanding others, one should refrain from speaking out easily to avoid trouble and maintain harmonious relationships. A straightforward person expresses thoughts directly, without beating around the bush or convoluted reasoning. A person with a devious mind hides their thoughts, avoids direct speech, leads others in circles, and, after confusing them, guides them into a self-designed trap to achieve their own ends.