The Vipāka-vijñāna is another name for the Ālaya-vijñāna after the eighth bodhisattva stage, signifying the karmic seeds within the mental continuum that cause sentient beings to take rebirth at different times, in different places, across different lifetimes, and in different forms. The Ālaya-vijñāna stores the seeds of sectional birth-and-death for sentient beings, while the Vipāka-vijñāna stores the seeds of transformative birth-and-death for sentient beings, that is, the subtle seeds of birth-and-death.
The Vipāka-vāsanā, also known as the vāsanā of birth-and-death transmigration, the vāsanā of ignorance, or the vāsanā of afflictions, is extremely subtle. It generally refers to the vāsanā of ignorance in bodhisattvas beyond the eighth stage, or alternatively, the vāsanā of afflictions in bodhisattvas from the first stage onward. As long as vāsanās exist, birth-and-death exists; when vāsanās are completely exhausted, Buddhahood is attained. The Niṣyanda-vāsanā: "Niṣyanda" (等流) denotes equality or sameness ("等") and flow or continuity ("流"), indicating the continuous vāsanā of the same consciousness continuum or the continuous vāsanā of the same sentient being.
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