What Constitutes a Qualified Buddhist Disciple?

In a school setting, an exemplary student is one who excels comprehensively in moral integrity, intellectual development, and physical fitness—a "Three-Good Student." Similarly, within Buddhism, a worthy disciple of the Buddha should be one who develops comprehensively in precepts (śīla), concentration (samādhi), and wisdom (prajñā), perfecting the six pāramitās (perfections). Such a disciple embodies the perfect integration of capability and virtuous character. Individuals possessing both virtue and talent are exceptionally rare and precious. If someone possesses only certain abilities but lacks a kind and adaptable character, such a person should not be entrusted with significant responsibilities. If someone possesses a good and kind character but lacks sufficient capability, they may be tentatively employed and cultivated. However, if an individual lacks both capability and virtuous character, they should absolutely not be employed.

Virtuous character manifests in selflessness (anātman). Before severing the view of self (satkāya-dṛṣṭi), some individuals possess a heavy sense of self (egoistic tendency), while others possess a light sense of self. Those with a light sense of self naturally find it easier to sever the view of self and attain realization of the fruits (of the path) compared to those with a heavy sense of self. Individuals who constantly seek to control others are those with a heavy sense of self. Those unwilling to be managed, unwilling to submit to leadership, are also individuals with a heavy sense of self. When the character is not harmonious, it is invariably the work of the self-centered mind.

Individuals with a light sense of self tend to be more easygoing, agreeable, and adopt an indifferent attitude towards certain people and matters, paying little heed to their own position or authority. Within a group, the individuals who cause the most problems are invariably those with a heavy sense of self. Without a strong leader, such a group would descend into chaos.

A Buddhist community is invariably protected and upheld by Dharma protectors (dharmapālas). The Dharma protectors have perfect knowledge of everyone's character—what kind of character a person possesses, what their intentions are, and what role they can play, the Dharma protectors know clearly. Therefore, the Dharma protectors manage what role an individual should assume within the community. If someone is heavily self-centered and would have a destructive effect on the community, the Dharma protectors will find ways to remove and isolate them.