The Threefold Training of Precepts, Meditation, and Wisdom

The crucial aspect of Buddhist practice and realization, as repeatedly emphasized by the Buddha, is the Three Non-Outflow Studies of precepts, meditative concentration, and wisdom. The study of precepts requires strict adherence to the moral code; only then can the mind attain stability. Once the mind is stable, the wisdom of contemplative practice arises. When contemplative practice matures, it gives birth to the great wisdom of Prajna. Possessing the great wisdom of Prajna is extremely important, as it leads to liberation. The birth of Prajna wisdom relies on profound and subtle wisdom from contemplative practice, the attainment of which depends on meditative concentration, and the emergence of meditative concentration relies on precepts. The three studies of precepts, meditative concentration, and wisdom are interlinked like a chain; each is vital, closely connected, and indispensable. None can be omitted or discarded, for without them, there can be no genuine realization.

After cultivating meditative concentration, one must learn to transform it into the wisdom of contemplative practice, skillfully shifting mental states. Otherwise, meditative concentration remains merely concentration, no different from non-Buddhist meditative absorption. It fails to give birth to Prajna wisdom, making it impossible to realize selflessness or attain liberation and freedom. Many people lack interest in seated meditation because their minds are too scattered and restless to sit still, thus compelling them to rely on concentration in motion. However, if the mind in stillness is hard to master, the mind in motion is even more challenging to control. Even if concentration in motion is well-cultivated, that concentration is shallower than concentration in stillness, with a coarser mind and less refined thinking. The wisdom from contemplative practice remains superficial, preventing true realization. Therefore, concentration in stillness serves as both the foundation and the ultimate refuge. Great wisdom must necessarily arise from concentration in stillness; all patriarchs, Buddhas, and Bodhisattvas throughout history have followed this path.

When concentration in stillness is well-cultivated, thinking becomes sharp, sensitive, deep, and subtle. Whether walking, standing, sitting, or lying down, the mind remains constantly in concentration. Afflictions can be subdued, the mental state becomes relaxed and joyful, and mental inclinations naturally lean more toward wholesome thoughts. Thus, concentration in stillness is of paramount importance. This is the treasured Dharma method transmitted by all Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, patriarchs, and great virtuous ones throughout the ten directions. It must be cherished and diligently practiced.