Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra, Volume X: The Twelve Links of Dependent Origination

(22) Original Text: Question: Are all [things] that arise with feeling as condition craving? And if they are all craving, do they all arise with feeling as condition? Answer: This should be addressed through a fourfold classification: (1) There is craving that does not arise with feeling as condition, such as the aspiration for supreme liberation, and abandoning other cravings by relying on wholesome craving. (2) There are [things] that arise with feeling as condition but are not craving, such as the arising of the remaining factors of existence except those arising from feeling as condition born of contact accompanied by ignorance. (3) There are [things] that arise with feeling as condition and are also craving, such as the arising of defiled craving with feeling as condition born of contact accompanied by ignorance. Excluding these specific cases constitutes the fourth category.

Explanation: If certain dharmas arise with feeling as condition, are they all craving? And if they are all craving, do they all arise with feeling as condition? Answer: This question should be explained through a fourfold classification: 1. Some craving arises not with feeling as condition, such as the aspiration for supreme liberation, and relying on wholesome craving to abandon other cravings. 2. Some dharmas arise with feeling as condition, but these dharmas are not subsumed under craving, such as the arising of the remaining factors of existence (e.g., feeling arising from contact accompanied by ignorance, feeling arising from contact accompanied by non-defilement) – dharmas arising with such feeling as condition are not subsumed under craving. 3. Some dharmas arise with feeling as condition and are subsumed under craving, such as defiled craving arising with feeling as condition born of contact accompanied by ignorance. Dharmas other than those described above fall into the fourth category.

Original Text: Question: Are all [things] that arise with craving as condition grasping? And if they are grasping, do they all arise with craving as condition? Answer: It should be understood that here [the answer] follows the latter proposition. That is to say, all grasping arises with craving as condition. However, there are [things] that arise with craving as condition but are not grasping, such as the remaining factors of existence excluding grasping, and the arising of wholesome dharmas like diligent zeal based on wholesome craving.

Explanation: Question: If some dharmas arise with craving as condition, do they all belong to the grasping factor? And if they are all grasping, do they all arise with craving as condition? Answer: This question follows the latter proposition (i.e., "if they are grasping, do they all arise with craving as condition?"). This means that all grasping arises with craving as condition. However, dharmas that arise with craving as condition are not all grasping; there are also the remaining factors of existence besides grasping, and wholesome dharmas like diligent zeal arising based on wholesome craving.

All grasping arises with craving as condition. However, dharmas arising with craving as condition are not all grasping; other factors besides grasping also arise with craving as condition, such as existence, birth, aging-and-death, etc. If craving is exhausted and completely severed, these factors would cease to arise. Craving is the direct condition for grasping and an indirect condition for the other factors; they all arise because of craving.