A Brief Analysis of the Universal Mental Factors and Particular Mental Factors in the Sixth and Seventh Consciousnesses

The universally operating mental factors begin with a certain sequence, but when their operation reaches a certain stage, the sequence changes. Regardless of the change, it invariably concludes with the mental factor of volition (cetanā). Subsequently, the universally operating mental factors operate again upon other dharmas.

In contrast, the five mental factors specific to objects (pañca-viṣayāḥ) lack a fixed sequence of operation. These five mental factors do not necessarily manifest simultaneously or in a fixed order; perhaps one appears, perhaps two—this is uncertain. The higher an individual's wisdom, the more frequently and extensively the mental factors specific to objects manifest. For bodhisattvas who are transforming consciousness into wisdom, the mental factors specific to objects manifest frequently, operating at a high frequency.

The more deluded sentient beings are, the less easily the mental factors specific to objects arise and operate. For bodhisattvas on the stages (bhūmis) who have subdued afflictions and are transforming consciousness into wisdom, the mental factors specific to objects associated with the manas (defiled mind) are very active, appearing often. The wisdom and power of conviction (adhimokṣa) of the manas are quite strong. Therefore, when bodhisattvas observe, judge, and make decisions, they often rely not only on the sixth consciousness (mano-vijñāna) but also on the manas. Frequently, they do not always rely solely on the superficial thinking and analysis of the sixth consciousness; the deliberative function of the manas is also employed on many occasions.