The eighth consciousness can perceive all dharmas, and the manas, following the eighth consciousness, can also perceive all dharmas. However, the marks of all dharmas perceived by the manas differ from those perceived by the eighth consciousness; there is a difference in what is perceived. What the eighth consciousness perceives are non-worldly marks, whereas what the manas perceives are worldly dharma-marks. Relying on the perceiving-aspect (darśana-bhāga) of the eighth consciousness, after perceiving all dharmas, the manas takes all these dharmas to be the self and to belong to the self—this is the view of self (satkāya-dṛṣṭi). Because of this view of self, the manas grasps (upādāna) at all these dharmas, unwilling to let go, universally discriminating and clinging to them; therefore, the manas is also the consciousness of imputed nature (parikalpita-svabhāva). First there is the view of self, and then there is self-grasping. Because of ignorance, the manas does not understand that all dharmas are produced by the eighth consciousness, all belong to the eighth consciousness, and all possess the attributes of the eighth consciousness. After perceiving all dharmas by relying on the eighth consciousness, it mistakenly assumes that all dharmas are its own and belong to itself. This misunderstanding has continued from beginningless kalpas until now. If this misunderstanding is not eliminated, the view of self cannot be eradicated, the suffering of birth and death cannot cease, and the cycle of saṃsāra will not end.
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