The eighth consciousness can see all dharmas, and the manas, following the eighth consciousness, can also see all dharmas. However, the marks of the dharmas seen by the manas and the eighth consciousness are different; there is a difference in what is seen. What the eighth consciousness sees are non-worldly marks, whereas what the manas sees are worldly dharma-marks. Relying on the perceiving-aspect of the eighth consciousness, after seeing all dharmas, the manas regards all these dharmas as "I" and as belonging to "me." This is the self-view (ātma-dṛṣṭi), including the view of a personal self and the view of a self in dharmas.
Because of such self-view, the manas grasps (upādāna) at all these dharmas, unwilling to let go of them, universally deluding and clinging to them; hence the manas is also the consciousness of imputed nature (parikalpita-svabhāva). Sentient beings first have self-view, and then self-grasping. Because of ignorance, the manas does not understand that all dharmas are generated by the eighth consciousness, all belong to the eighth consciousness, and all possess the attributes of the eighth consciousness. After seeing all dharmas by relying on the eighth consciousness, it mistakenly takes all dharmas as its own and belonging to itself. This misunderstanding has continued from beginningless kalpas until now. If this misunderstanding is not eliminated through contemplative practice (vipaśyanā-caryā), self-view cannot be eliminated, the suffering of birth and death cannot cease, and transmigration will not end.
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