In a single instant (kṣaṇa), 81,000 consciousness seeds arise and cease; in one finger-snap there are 90 kṣaṇas, and one finger-snap takes at most one second. After the manas contacts the mental sense-objects (dharma-dhātu), for it to cause the mind consciousness to arise again, contact the mental sense-objects, and discern them, not even 0.01 seconds can be allowed, not even half a kṣaṇa. Such a short duration probably cannot be measured by instruments; only in very, very deep meditative concentration (dhyāna), when the mind consciousness is extremely subtle, can it be perceived. Before the eighth bhūmi, there is simply no way to perceive it. Therefore, there are extremely many truths of reality that cannot be realized without profound meditative concentration. If one does not cultivate meditative concentration and yet wishes to realize any Buddha-dharma, that is impossible. Without meditative concentration, everything relies on inference, guessing, and conjecture; what is deduced through reasoning and analysis brings no beneficial fruition of merit and cannot sever doubt.
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