Question: What fruits of the Small Vehicle do mirage contemplation and dream-like contemplation correspond to, respectively?
Answer: When one has cultivated to dream-like contemplation, one has already passed the third barrier of Chan. The third barrier corresponds to the third fruit of the Small Vehicle, where the two afflictions of greed-lust and ill will have been eliminated within the first dhyāna. After dream-like contemplation, one enters the first bhūmi and becomes a first-bhūmi bodhisattva, possessing the seed-wisdom of Yogācāra.
When one has cultivated to mirage contemplation, this corresponds to the second or third fruit of the Small Vehicle, realizing that any state of mind arising in oneself or others is as unreal as a shimmering mirage of water vapor over a sandy beach, because at this point one can directly perceive how the tathāgatagarbha, like a painter splashing ink, conjures up the sixth and seventh consciousnesses, and how the actions of these sixth and seventh consciousnesses are so unreal, seeming to exist yet not to exist.
Every kind of contemplative practice (vipaśyanā-caryā) requires meditative concentration (samādhi); only by practicing contemplation within samādhi can one realize the Dharma and pass through each barrier. Otherwise, not a single barrier can be passed. When realizing the third fruit and eliminating afflictions, the first dhyāna is indispensable; after the third barrier, the first dhyāna is indispensable. Before the second barrier and before the second fruit, preparatory concentration/threshold concentration (anāgamya-samādhi) is indispensable. Without threshold concentration, no Dharma can be realized; one can only gain some intellectual understanding, which is superficial and leaves no real impression.
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