Brief Discussion on Material Elements (Draft)
Fourteen. Form, sound, smell, taste, and touch are divided into numerous categories. The first volume of the *Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra* discusses the classification of sounds, which are divided into several types. Taste objects are also divided into several kinds, including those produced by the Tathāgatagarbha within a sentient being's own body. The same applies to touch objects and smell objects. Dharma objects, combined with the five sense objects, are likewise simultaneously classified into several types.
Sounds arise from the combination of the physical body and the external environment. Some sounds originate purely from the external world, while others are produced through interactions between sentient beings. Sounds generated by a sentient being itself are solely produced by its own Tathāgatagarbha. Sounds emanating from the body are also divided into several types. These include those generated by the conscious mind through controlled perception, observation, and thought; those produced during the absorption and digestion of food; those arising from internal organ pathologies or similar conditions; those generated by the mental faculty regulating eating, chewing, and swallowing; those resulting from gastrointestinal peristalsis; those produced by autonomous respiration; and those arising from the functioning of internal organs, such as the sound of the heartbeat.